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This book provides a complete and reasonably self-contained account of a new classification of connected Lie groups into two classes. The first part describes the use of tools from potential theory to establish the classification and to show that the analytic and algebraic approaches to the classification are equivalent. Part II covers geometric theory of the same classification and a proof that it is equivalent to the algebraic approach. Part III is a new approach to the geometric classification that requires more advanced geometric technology, namely homotopy, homology and the theory of currents. Using these methods, a more direct, but also more sophisticated, approach to the equivalence of the geometric and algebraic classification is made. Background material is introduced gradually to familiarise readers with ideas from areas such as Lie groups, differential topology and probability, in particular, random walks on groups. Numerous open problems inspire students to explore further.
Lie groups. --- Geometry. --- Potential theory (Mathematics)
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Dirichlet forms --- Dirichlet, Formes de. --- Markov processes --- Markov, Processus de. --- Potential theory (Mathematics) --- Potentiel, Théorie du.
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This monograph presents the geoscientific context arising in decorrelative gravitational exploration to determine the mass density distribution inside the Earth. First, an insight into the current state of research is given by reducing gravimetry to mathematically accessible, and thus calculable, decorrelated models. In this way, the various unresolved questions and problems of gravimetry are made available to a broad scientific audience and the exploration industry. New theoretical developments will be given, and innovative ways of modeling geologic layers and faults by mollifier regularization techniques are shown. This book is dedicated to surface as well as volume geology with potential data primarily of terrestrial origin. For deep geology, the geomathematical decorrelation methods are to be designed in such a way that depth information (e.g., in boreholes) may be canonically entered. Bridging several different geo-disciplines, this book leads in a cycle from the potential measurements made by geoengineers, to the cleansing of data by geophysicists and geoengineers, to the subsequent theory and model formation, computer-based implementation, and numerical calculation and simulations made by geomathematicians, to interpretation by geologists, and, if necessary, back. It therefore spans the spectrum from geoengineering, especially geodesy, via geophysics to geomathematics and geology, and back. Using the German Saarland area for methodological tests, important new fields of application are opened, particularly for regions with mining-related cavities or dense development in today's geo-exploration. .
Potential theory (Mathematics). --- Numerical analysis. --- Physical geography. --- Gravitation. --- Potential Theory. --- Numerical Analysis. --- Earth System Sciences. --- Classical and Quantum Gravitation, Relativity Theory. --- Geography --- Field theory (Physics) --- Matter --- Physics --- Antigravity --- Centrifugal force --- Relativity (Physics) --- Mathematical analysis --- Green's operators --- Green's theorem --- Potential functions (Mathematics) --- Potential, Theory of --- Mechanics --- Properties --- Potential theory (Mathematics) --- Teoria del potencial (Matemàtica) --- Fórmula de Green --- Funcions potencials --- Operadors de Green --- Teorema de Green --- Teoria del potencial --- Anàlisi matemàtica --- Mecànica --- Efecte túnel --- Teoria del potencial (Física) --- Varietats de Riemann
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This extended and revised second edition is intended for engineering students and researchers working with finite element methods in structural and mechanical analysis. Discussing numerical structural analysis from first mechanical and mathematical principles, it establishes the central role of influence functions (Green's functions) in linear computational mechanics. The main features of the book are mentioned below. · Introducing Green's first and second identity as the core theorems of statics and mechanics. Formulation of the variational and energy principles of mechanics with an emphasis on the computational aspects and on the qualitative features of variational solutions. · Derivation of influence functions from duality principles, the distinction between weak and strong influence functions, the difference between monopoles and dipoles and how amputated dipoles lead to singularities, and how singularities on the boundary pollute the solution inside the domain - an unavoidable effect in 2-D and 3-D. · A detailed discussion of the various features of the finite element method and the key role of the notion of “shake-equivalence" as originally introduced by Turner et alt. Establishing that in linear finite element analysis the accuracy depends on the accuracy of the influence functions. Introducing Betti extended as a core theorem of finite element analysis. · A systematic treatment of the role which Green's functions play in reanalysis, sensitivity analysis, parameter identification and in optimization. Explaining why averaging material parameters succeeds and how local stiffness changes can be identified with the action of equilibrium forces f+. · Presenting a new technique, one-click reanalysis, which allows to make modifications to a structure by clicking on single elements and seeing directly the new shape, bypassing the need to solve the modified system. · Four programs for the solution of the Poisson equation, 2-D elasticity, plate-bending problems and planar frames are offered for download in this second edition. These are all-purpose programs but with a particular emphasis on influence functions. The frame program also demonstrates one-click reanalysis.
Mechanics. --- Mechanics, Applied. --- Buildings—Design and construction. --- Building. --- Construction. --- Engineering, Architectural. --- Computer mathematics. --- Solid Mechanics. --- Building Construction and Design. --- Computational Mathematics and Numerical Analysis. --- Applied mechanics --- Engineering, Mechanical --- Engineering mathematics --- Architectural engineering --- Buildings --- Construction --- Construction science --- Engineering, Architectural --- Structural design --- Structural engineering --- Architecture --- Construction industry --- Classical mechanics --- Newtonian mechanics --- Physics --- Dynamics --- Quantum theory --- Computer mathematics --- Electronic data processing --- Mathematics --- Design and construction --- Green's functions. --- Statics. --- Engineering --- Mechanics --- Mechanics, Analytic --- Equilibrium --- Functions, Green's --- Functions, Induction --- Functions, Source --- Green functions --- Induction functions --- Source functions --- Differential equations --- Potential theory (Mathematics)
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